Biochemical
A biochemical ETP is an Effluent Treatment Plant that combines both biological and chemical processes to treat industrial wastewater. In this system, wastewater first passes through primary treatment steps like screening, grit removal, and equalization. Then, in the chemical stage, coagulants, flocculants, or neutralizing agents are added to remove suspended solids, heavy metals, color, and toxic compounds. After that, in the biological stage, microorganisms degrade the organic pollutants (BOD and COD) through processes such as the Activated Sludge Process (ASP), MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor), or MBR (Membrane Bioreactor). Finally, the water may undergo tertiary treatment (filtration, disinfection, or polishing) before being discharged or reused. Biochemical ETPs are particularly useful for industries like textiles, tanneries, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals where wastewater contains both toxic inorganic compounds and organic load, ensuring a more complete and reliable treatment.